Jail-door tumbler lock



Aug. 19, 1930.l J. T. wHn'EHousE 1,773,332

JAIL DOOR TUMBLER LOCK I Filed Aug` 15, 1926 2 Sheets-sheet 1 attoz uuid Aug. 19, 1930, y J. T. wHrrEHoUsE 1,773,332,

JAIL DooR TUMBLER Lock Filed Aug. 15, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug. 19, 1930 Urra IArss PATIENT OFFICE j JOHN T. wIIITEIIOUsE, or oLEvIILANn, OHIO, As'sIGNon To THE VAN DOEN IRON woRKs OOMPANY, OI1 CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION `OF OHIO VHAIL-noon TUIVIBLER LOOK Application filed Angustia, 1926'. `serial No. 128,979.

This invention relates to tumbler locks of a type'particularly adapted andy intended for use in connection with jail doors. y

The requirements peculiar to such a lock are a design to enable the lock to accurately function through aV prolonged life Aof frequent use, and one oif such'a nature as to Obviate the possibility of being manipulated yto openY or close without' possession of the authorized key. The objects of myL invention are therefore to provide such a lock vwhich shall be i' of ample strength in all its parts, which its construction. y n. The exact nature and advantages of my` shall embody numerous means toprevent its manipulation by an instrumentality other than the authorized key, vwhich shall vbe equally proof against locking or unlocking, and one in which the wear is reducedv to the minimum, specifically by utilizing gravity andl thereby doing away with all springs in invention will be apparent from thefollowing description Vtakenfin'-connection 'with the lfollowing drawings in' which Fig. 1 is-a side view ofthe lockv withycover plate removed to show the parts thereing'FigjQ is asectiorr Vkvcorresponds with thel cam in 'the outer or Y projecting position of the bolt,gthat of Fig.V Y. l; the arcl Z) c'orresponding similarly with the along the line 2 2, Figli; FigB/is a section along" the line Fig-.fj4 is a the bolt and cam arrangement employedfto'rV rmoving the same: yFigi? is a section Salong the line 8-,8of Fig. -7 showing a detailof vthe cam lockingv means `employed and Fig.

9 isa sectional detail on ythe line 9--59`ot j .Theprincipalfparts .of the lockare the cas-k `ing l providedwith a coverplate, not shown,k

and adaptedito Vbe securedl in .they usual man` ner with a jail door; a bolt 2 slidable longitudinally in said casing as is customary; and

bolt controlling V'mechanism to be described,V adapted to move the-bolt between its respective 'inner andouter positions flush with and .projectngbeyond the 'lock face to posi! tively secure thebolt in either of these positions, and actuable by the key 3. f

Ther casingl is provided with a circular opening in which is lsecured by the screws 9 a circular closure plate 5 with a key-receiving aperture 7 adapted to closely tit the bit ll of the key 3. Mounted for rotational movement'in the'closure plate vconcentric with the aperture is a cam member 4` hereinafter referred to merely as a cam, although providedwith the hub shown proj ecting into the closure plate. f p

The bolt is generally rectangular in section, thatportion projecting beyond the casing'` being solid l'as is customary, and is provided inside the casing with an opening.;k 8 a portion of which vextends through the bolt tof accommodate and cO-operate with the cam- 4; the conformation of the cam andv (zo-acting surfaces a and o of the bolt opening being as indicated in Fig. 7 n and described asfollows` f The cam engaging bolt surfaces' are` generallyfarcuate the outer arca, (Fig. 7) terminating upwardly ina notch vformed by the steps d-cfroin which the inner arcb eX- tends downwardly` asshown. Therarc,

eoi position ofthe camr whenfrotated clockwise position shown the .bolt is .positivelyl secured A in its'outer position by the cam.` which Occupies longitudinally.'l the cam receiving open-v f ing' in the bolt; .As the cam is moved clockwise, Fig. 7,'by means of a keyiitting. theV aperture 7 the bolt'is still locked in. this position, and yhence cannot move until arrival of "the camv at substantially an upstanding position, 'whereuponA the ca-m engages the step 6 lof the boltand slides it inwardly. "As the bolt reaches its inner position the arcuatesur# face b ofthe boltis concentric withthefaper'- ture, A whereupon the camcontinues downward to inwardly, extending position durgv ing which time and thereafter the bolt is secured bythe cam in its inner position.

To move the bolt outwardly from this position it is necessary to throw the cam back to the position of Fig. 7. During this motion the bolt is locked in inner position until the cam clears the arc l) (Fig. 7), after which it engages the step 6', moves the bolt to outer position, and as this position is assumed by the bolt, rides down to the position indicated, maintaining the bolt locked in the outer position. The action of the cam to move the bolt however. is subject to a number of other cam and bolt locking means to be described. Y

In the closure plate 5 is embodied a cam locking .device as follows: In the cam and closure plate are provided bores vertically aligned and radially extending from the aperture 7 as indicated in Fig. 8. In the closure plate bores are positioned detents 12 slidable therein and urged to engagement with the cam by the springs 13 secured in the closure plate as by the dove-tailed members 31. In the cam bores are corresponding detent releasemembers 14;; the balls 15 being provided at the inner bore ends, which are formed -to allow the balls to project into the. aperture and yet to be retained in the bores.

Operation of the cam lock will be obvious; as the key is withdrawn from the cam aperture, the cam being in a longitudinal position the cam and closure plate bores being inalignment, the detents 12 enter the cam bores as indicated in Fig. 8 to positively lock the cam from any movement.V Thereafter to rotate thecam it is necessary that the balls 15 be depressed to a position flush with the inner surface of the aperture 7, to force abutting ends of the' detent releases 14 and the detents 12 to a position on the periphery of the abutting portionsV ofthe cam and closurev plate. If the balls aredepressed too far; to move the detent into the closure plate the camis locked. .In order tov depress the balls just' suiiiciently to free the cam, I form the shank V16 of the key 3 of a size to just fill the aper- Y ture, and lprovidelupon the end of the. key

a conical cam` surface adapted to depress the balls as the key is inserted, and which serves as well to facilitate entry of the key into the aperture; the balls during this operation serving as an anti-friction means between the members involved. Y'

f Upon the upper and lower portions of the bolt are paired vvertically aligned inwardly extending projections 17, 17. vInthe bolt opening and ksecuredto the casing as by screws18 and guide posts 35 is a tumbler frame 19;y Thetumbler frameY is Vprovided with a central open portion, and uponfeach side with vertically extending slots orY ways 2O in each of which is secured as by a rivet 21 extending through blocks 22, vtumbler 23 free for vertical 'sliding movement. The tumblers are of vertical dimension Vsnudcient to just clear the projections 17 upon the bolt when properly positioned in their ways. The tumblers are arranged in the tumbler frame in staggered relation with cach other as indicated in FigsB and l and each is provided with a ward portion 24 .extending inwardly of the tumbler frame. The tumbler assembly is so positioned in the casing as to be in longitudinal alignment with the key-receiving aperture 7 so that when the key bit of proper conformation is inserted into the key aperture, the collar 25 abutting the cover' plate 5 to longitudinally position the key. and the key is rotated through an arc of 90 degrees, each of the tumblers will be raised to clear the bolt projections, adjacent portions ofthe key bit engaging the wards of oppositely positioned tuinblers.V The tumblers however normally project downwards from the tumbler frame to abut the lower projections 17 and 17 of the bolt to prevent movement thereof; and it is evident that if any of the tumblers are raised above the clearing position they will engage the corresponding upper projections of the bolt to equally prevent movement thereof. rIhe tumblers and projections are longitudinally arranged in the casing so that the tumblers will abut the projections in either -inner or outer position of the bolt, whereby the boltis equally secured in either position. A bridge member V.channel member 83 secured in the casing as by the screws Sfl'the vvert-icalV dimension of the bolt stop being suchfas to just clearv the bolt eXtensionsr28 when properly positioned. A lever 29 is Vpivoted by the screw 30 in a cut away portion'ofvthe tumbler frame, and at one end is provided with ahead 32 of the curved out-line indicated corresponding with a notchin the bolt stop whereby the elevation of the bolt stop kmay be controlled by the lever. The opposite end of the lever projects into the open portion of the tumbler frame opposite the ward of the first tumbler, and is adapted for movement by ay portion of the key bit of proper' height to raise the bolt stop toV clear the bolt .ends 28 as the cam 4c is turned through the earlier portion of its un'- locking movement, that is before the cam engages the step 6 of the bolt to move it inwardly. Y y

It. will be seen' from the foregoing that with the parts as in Fig. 1` the bolt is positively secured in itsfouter position by the cam, the tumblers and the bolt stop, each of terrasse which abut some portion of the bolt to pren vent its movement inwardly.

To eifect inward movement ofthe bolt to unlock the door upon which the lock is reaches approximately the upward limit of its swing, in other words until the key hasy j been turned 9() degrees to properly position thevtumblers and bolt stop; further movement of the cam by the key sliding the bolt to its innerposition. Y j

As the bolt reaches its inner'position, the

` key releases the tumblers which underV the action of gravity,as soon as the bolt reaches inner position drop'to again abut vtheir krespective lower bolty projections 17,17', the bolt projections being now however, inside theirrespective tumbler ends instead of outside as in Fig. l. K

rIhe bolt therefore in inner position is again positively and directly secured; by thev cam, which is now in -180 degrees position from that of Fig. l, and the tumblers; and if the key be now withdrawn, the cam is secured in this position by the detents described, the bolt stop resting upon the lower projection 28 of the bolt.

Thereafter counterclockwise motion (Fig. l) of the key will return the bolt to outer j position, the tumblers being raised by the key as before to clear'the bolt projections and thereafter the cam engaging thebolt to move it outwardly, upon lcompletion 'of which movement the parts again assume their orig- V inal position. j

The cover plate, not shown, may be 'pro` vided ywith. a. closure plate similar to the closurek plate 5v and in alignment therewith, and thekey bit and tumbler wards be made symmetrical in conformation and arrangement as indicated by the key bitY illustrated, in]

which case the key may be insertedand the lock operated from either side; or, the cover the cam locking means f inaccessible from` v without the lock,'the closure platesecuringY plate may be without any aperture, in which Lcase the kkey may only be insertedthrough the closure plate 5, andv the key .bitand vwards maybe arranged as desired.V I

I have preferred to make the closure plate a separate unit, completing'the closure plate assembly'before securing it inV thecasing. Thisfis for manufacturing reasons, as well as for the reason that this constructionmakes screws being 'inserted from 'the insideof 'the "lock asindicated.- y

VVhat I claimde;y l

f 1. In a lock,-a casing,abolt slidable longi-V tudinally thereinfand having a cam receiving"opening,a cam rotatable in said opening to slidesaid bolt, and havinga key bit fitting aperture'` for rotation by'a key, 'a detent inY saidfcasing, means'urging said detent to en- Ygage'ment withsa'id cani, saidcam having a 1 corresponding'radial bore adapted to be engaged by said detent inlongitudinal position ofsaid'cam to secure said cam in said position,

and a detent release in said cam projectingintosaidaperture and adapted to releasesaid Vdetent rwhen depressed flush with said japertureby a-'key'shank portion? l "2. In a lock',a casing, a bolt slidable longitudinally therein, longitudinal projections eX- tendingfroin the inner end of said bolt, a boltstop slidable inlsaid casing transversely of bolt fniovemenhlto abut either 'of saidvprojections Ato prevent inward movement of said bolt, or; to clear'said projections,-and Ya lever for Vvcontrolli'nginthe position of lsaid bolt stop, L90

saidflever being mounted in said casingand providedv with a bolt" stop engaging rvportion and' a` key engaging portion. Y

In alock, ka casing, a bolt slidable longitu'dinallytherein and having an'opening, longitudin'al projections extending from thetop and bottom of theV end v*of said bolt, vertical aligned bolt 'proj ectionsin said'bolt opening, a bolt sto'p vertically slidable in said casing to' abut either'of said projections to prevent inyeinent of `said bolt, or at a certain elevationto'clear sai-d projections, a tumbler frame inlsaid opening secured with said casing, tum` 4blers ,vertically-slidable in said frame, said- ,tunibl'ers-being adapted to normally abutfthe lowerffof said projections 'to' prevent'"Inove- A inent of 'said bolt andjhavingward portions bolt-lstop@said`v lever being pivotally mounted in said frame and having'with a boltstopfengaging portion anda key engagingportrom,

' adapted'for engagenientwith a key to'raifse sai-'ell tumblers tio. clear said projections, and.;

a lever for. controlling the'eleva'ti'on of saidV .o y

thevkey engaging portion of said lever'eXtend- A ing below'said wards fofVlsai-dtumblers' and i i115 adapted for key engagement simultaneouslyy therewith whereby co-operation therebetween i clearance of said bolt l stop and tumblers from the path of said. bolt.

14,. Iny a lock, a casing, a lbolt slidable longi- .tudin'ally therein and having a camreceiving `of a key bitof proper conformation mayveffect 's izo opening, a key receiving'cam rotatable in said n opening to slide said bolt, said cam substantiallyv occupying said opening longitudinally to positively position saidl bolt, verticallyl 'aligned kbolt projections in said opening, a .tuinbler'frame in said opening and secured to saidk casing, y tumblers `vertically slidable in said frame and adapted to abut the lower of said projections to prevent movement of said boltI and having wards adapted for engagement by a key bit to raise saidl tumblers to clear said projections, portions of the cam engaging surface of said bolt opening being of arcuate conformation whereby movement of said bolt may be delayed pending positioning of said tumblers to clear said projections.

5. In a lock, a casing, a bolt slidable longiw tudinally therein and having an opening, longitudinal projections extending from the top and bottom of the end of the bolt, vertical aligned bolt projections in said opening, a boltstop vertically slidable in said casing to y abut either of said projections to prevent movement of said bolt, or at a certain elevation, to clear said projections, a tumbler frame in said opening secured with said casing, tumblers vertically slidable in said frame, said A tumblersbeing adapted to normally abut the lower of said projections to prevent movement of the bolt and having wards adapted for engagement by a key bit to raise said tumblers to clear said projections and a lever for '25 controlling the elevation of said boltV stop, said lever being pivotally mounted in said frame and having a bolt stop engaging portion and a key engaging portion, the key engaging portion of said lever extending below said tumbler wards and being adapted for key engagement simultaneously therewith where l by (2o-operation therebetween of a key bit of properv conformation may effect clearance of said bolt stop and tumblers from the path of said bolt, portions of the Acam engaging surface of said bolt opening being of arcuate conformationwhereby movement of said bolt may be delayed pending positioning of said tumblers to clear said projections.V j 40 6. In a lock, a tumbler assembly comprising a frame having a central opening and ways in staggered relation on either side thereof,

said frame being made up of laminae secured together by means passing therethrough, and tumblers slidable in said*y ways and each having award portion extending into said frame opening. -Y

In testimony whereof I hereby aii'ix my signat-ure. v

JOHN T. wHiTEHoUsE. 

